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Early Pesticide Exposure May Lead to Behavioral Problems

Scientists have noted a potential heightened risk for attention disorders in kids who were exposed to organophosphate pesticides while inside the womb.

The effect was not obvious at the age of 3, but showed up by the age of 5, so said the report from California researchers that appears in the Aug 19 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives.

A professor of environmental medicin at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Bernard Weiss, said the delayed effects did not surprise him.

Studies of monkeys have shown the same thing, with the behavioral problems not coming to fruition until the "brain had become mature enough to support that kind of complex behavior," he explained.

In kids, "you wouldn't really see [hyperactivity] bloom until the child gets into school," he added.

The findings are far from showing a direct causal link. Weiss said that he thought "these are very significant studies and are another form of warning to us about how many kinds of unrecognized threats there are to child development in the environment."

Senior study author Brenda Eskenazi said that the past five or seven years have seen more studies looking into low-dose organophosphate exposure in children's neurodevelopment. Before this, researchers only had focused on high-dose exposure.

Including this study, three studies have found effects of low-dose exposure on neurodevelopment, including one earlier this year that found exposure to high levels of organophosphate pesticides raise the chances of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The current data was based on attention tests given to more than 300 child subjects of Mexican-American farm workers in the Salinas Valley of California. The researchers also took measures of organophosphate metabolites in the mother's urine and collected behavioral reports from the mothers and from professional observers.

Though there is only a small link between attention problems and exposure at the younger age, the association became significantly larger at age 5, especially among males.

"We saw that the children were making more errors on the test and that it was significantly related to the mother's prenatal metabolite levels for these pesticides," said Eskenazi, who is director of the Center for Children's Environmental Health Research at the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health.

It is worth noting that these children had more exposure than the “average” child.

And "attention problems are so multifactorial that it would be hard to say that this is a major agent if it is causal at all," she added.

A second paper by the same group of researchers that appears in the same journal reported that "children don't have the level of an enzyme needed to metabolize these organophosphates the same as adults until they're much older than we expected," said Eskenazi. "Their metabolism is different, and now we have hard evidence of that."

There is also “suggestive evidence” that kids may harbor genetic alterations that make them more vulnerable to the neurocognitive effects of pesticide exposure.

"If research consistently shows that symptoms of ADHD are related to the quantity of the organophosphate pesticide exposure, then it seems prudent for families to at least try to limit exposure," said Dr. Nakia Scott, a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral science at Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine and a child psychiatrist with Lone Star Circle of Care.

There are things people can do to protect themselves.

"You can wash produce thoroughly before you eat and try to invest in organic produce when you can," she added. "This may [also] be a reason to grow your own garden. Or families can consider using less toxic alternatives when taking care of lawns."

 

Gisele rescinds her Breastfeeding Comments

Gisele Bundchen, the Brazillian model, has backed down on her statements that she made saying mothers should have to breastfeed their kids for six months by law.

In her blog, the 30-year-old who became a mother in December, said she “wasn't here to judge” other mothers.

She said feeding her song Benjamin helped her lose her weight gained in pregnancy.

Health Department figures have only about 20% of mothers still breastfeeding when their babies are six months old.

With newborns, 80% of moms breastfeed.

Bundchen made her comments after supporting long-term breastfeeding in an interview with Harper's Bazaar magazine.

"I think there should be a worldwide law, in my opinion, that mothers should breastfeed their babies for six months," she said.

"Some people here [in the US] think they don't have to breastfeed, and I think 'Are you going to give chemical food to your child when they are so little?' "

In a follow up blog post, she said, “My intention in making a comment about the importance of breastfeeding has nothing to do with the law. It comes from my passion and beliefs about children.

"Becoming a new mom has brought a lot of questions, I feel like I am in a constant search for answers on what might be the best for my child."

Gisele is the world's highest paid supermodel, and is married to American football star Tom Brady, had a natural birth at her home in Boston after meditating through her eight-hour labor.

Television star Denies van Outen said she gave up breastfeeding with her new daughter Betsy after less than a month because she did not want the press taking photos.

"I probably should have persevered a bit longer than three weeks," she said recently. "But I can't be sitting in Starbucks and breastfeeding, because they [photographers] are taking pictures.”

 

Asian Families Having Hard Time Floating Kids and Parents Alike

SINGAPORE – More and more Asian families are having trouble with the pressure of simultaneously supporting their children and aging parents, a new study released this week said.

Longer lifespans and women bearing children at a later age have raised the number of Asia's so called “sandwich generation”, said the study by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

"Across the region, many members of the sandwich generation are squeezed by the financial burden of caring for multiple generations and are concerned that their future living standards will decline," it said.

One in five working-age Asians is now a member of the group, said the EIU study, sponsored by investment product and services provider Fidelity International.

Members of this group are typically between 30 and 45 years of age, and support one or two children and two parents or parents-in-law, and their size varies across the region, according to the study.

In China, 37 percent of the working-age population cares for both children and elderly parents, while in Japan and Australia the number sits at 6%.

Due to the financial pressure, members of this group are working more, saving less and taking fewer risks with their money, the study said.

"More than one-third... have had to work harder to cover family expenses since becoming 'sandwiched', about half have reduced their savings and investments and nearly two-thirds are more cautious with their existing investments than they would otherwise be," it added.

More than a third, about 36%, say they are “struggling to cope” with the demands of supporting both children and aging parents, with the number higher in Hong Kong at 53%.

Filial piety remained strong with 78 percent agreeing that it was their responsibility to care for their aged parents, according to the study called “Feeling the Squeeze: Asia's Sandwich Generation."

While children's education is a major expense, providing for the well being of elderly parents is an additional burden, especially in a country with weak social security systems, the study claimed.

EIU said it interviewed 700 respondents in Australia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan who are supporting both children and elderly parents. They interviews were carried out in March and April this year.

   

New Audio Technology Could be used to Detect Autism

WASHINGTON – A new device may be able to automatically check young kids for autism based on how they talk, US researchers said on Monday.

The recorder fits into a child's pocket and looks at the words the child says during the day, and software evaluates how the child makes certain sound.

Kimbrough Oller of the University of Memphis lead the team that analyzed more htan 3 million syllabic utterances, gathered from about 1,500 all-day recordings from 232 kids aged 10 months to 4 years.

The program correctly found existing autism diagnosis 86% of the time. The data also predicted the age of a typically developing child, said the study that first appeared in the Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Although clinicians have been saying for many years that they think that autistic kids sound strange when they talk, there's been no practical way to use vocalization as a part of the diagnostic or screening procedure in working with autism," said Oller, professor of audiology and speech-language pathology.

Oller identified the speech patterns the device analyzes and helped develop the screening method.

The tests were conducted in English, but Oller said the technique may apply to other languages. "It hasn't actually been tried yet, but there's every reason to think it should," he said.

Doctors diagnose autism in children by testing them for a range of behavioral and speech issues, including how much they talk by a certain age and whether they make eye contact with other people.

"Autism is a multi-factoral disorder and it has many behavioral dimensions to consider. And vocalization is clearly an important one," said Oller. "But I certainly don't think it should be used exclusively."

Oller, who studies language learning and the evolution of language, identified how the formation of different syllables metamorphose during the child's first four years.

Instead of saying “ba” as a part of a longer word, a younger child might say “ba-a” with "sort of a staccato or tremor kind of pattern,"said Oller. The development of an autistic child's language does not follow those typical patterns, the analysis shows.

The software looks at speakers and processes sounds made only by the child being studied. The day-length recordings allow scientists to look into a child's natural speech.

Parents send the recorder to the company after the child has worn it for a day, and the company then analyzes the audio for language development and autism.

Infoture Inc developed the device and software. The company dissolved in February of last year and was reconstituted LENA Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, that still funds the research. The foundation sells the device with clothing that has a pocket to house the recorder.

Oller got consultation fees from Infoture before it dissolved and several of its other workers are researchers for the LENA Foundation.

 

Eating Patterns in Kids Could Help Fight Obesity

A new study has shown that kids who sit down and eat regular family meals and get plenty of vegetables in their diet tend to be in better shape than their peers who lack those eating habits.

The new study, published in the Journal of Pediatrics, may not sound like a new idea. However, not a lot of studies have looked at the relationship between kids and the relationship between their weight and eating habits, which are far more complex than just sugar and fat consumption.

While it is generally thought that sitting down with their family to dinner is healthy for children, there is little research as to how doing so helps gets stay or get thin.

In the new study, Greek researchers studied 1,138 kids from the ages of 9 to 13. They looked at their diets, physical activity, and then used that information to identify five general diet-and-lifestyle patterns withing the group.

One was called the "dinner, cooked meals and vegetables" pattern. Children with this lifestyle had a higher intake of vegetables, regularly sat down to family dinner and had more traditional “cooked” meals (hot or cold) for lunch and dinner, rather than sandwiches, snack foods, or breakfast-like meals.

Kids in this pattern typically had a lower BMI. They also had slimmer waistlines and less body fat than their peers who did not fit the diet pattern.

The other four diet-and-lifestyle patterns that were identified were associated with children's weight or body fat levels.

The others included am “unstructured eating, fast food/sugary foods and sedentary lifestyle" pattern, and "high fiber," "breakfast," and "exercise, fruits and vegetables” patterns.

It is not clear why these other categories failed to show al ink to kids' weight, while the family meal/vegetable pattern did, according to researchers, headed up by Dr. Mary Yannakoulia of Harokopio University in Athens.

They write, however, that the habit of sitting down with families to dinner and having cooked meals on a regular basis could signify kids who are sticking to the traditional mediterranean diet, which is rich in vegetables, olive oil, whole grains and fish.

A major limitation of the study is that it only looked at the kids at one point in time. Only a study that lasts over time can show whether those who have a family meal/vegetable-type pattern are less likely to be overweight.

Yannakoulia nd her colleagues, however, write that the findings suggest that an eating pattern stands as a "potential preventive approach" to facing childhood obesity. They noted, also, that a "non-restrictive" pattern is a way of eating most children can live with.

   

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